Since Mac OS 10.2, printing is handled by the CUPS system. While drivers are typically found in /Library/Printers, the folder can contain support files and many other things which are not themselves print drivers, and in the real world there is no canonical location within the folder where the actual driver files are stored. The only authoritative list of available print drivers on OS X is that returned by lpinfo -m (specifying the host is not necessary for the local machine).
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CUPS specifies that drivers can consist of an arbitrary number of files, but they must all be declared in a central PPD file. Lpinfo -m will parse any valid PPDs found; if it doesn't have a PPD that CUPS can parse, then it isn't a valid print driver. The first place you'll most probably want to look at is the Print & Scan option within System Preferences. There you'll see a list of all printers that you have installed. You can optionally uninstall each of them by clicking on the minus '-' at the bottom of the list.
Also, if you are troubleshooting printer issues, you might want to try right-clicking within the list and select Reset printing system. Apple has a document about what resetting the printing system does here: On your question about where the drivers are actually installed, the answer would be in the /Library/Printers folder. I've noticed some printer drivers were left intact in this folder even after I uninstalled them.
I've removed some of the files here myself and would say that it is generally safe to do so. However, I'd still suggest that you uninstall your printer drivers from within Print & Scan first before traversing into this folder.
OS X uses CUPS which uses print filters (.ppd files) to format documents to send to printers. The currently installed and used ppd files can be found at /private/etc/cups/ppd/. To see a whole list of whats available on your computer, look in /Library/Printers/ here you will find folders of drivers that have been installed (usually in folders by brand, i.e you may have a Brother folder and a Canon folder if you ever used a Brother or Canon printer). There will also likely be a PPDs folder which contains archived print filters that are available. For some additional printer options you could type: cupsctl WebInterface=yes Then point your web browser to This will bring up a the CUPS web interface which has a few extra bits and options then you can get at from the System Preference. It's important to note most of these options have to do with the printing system itself, not the native Printer options/utilities.
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